PSG has now claimed the season-opening cup on 14 separate occasions.
The Parisian giants needed a dramatic leveler followed by a successful spot-kick decider to get past their arch-rivals in Kuwait and secure a fourth straight French Super Cup victory.
The European champions seemed to be sailing towards a straightforward win in the showdown featuring the Ligue 1 winners and the Coupe de France holders after the French winger opened the net early on.
Yet, Marseille struck twice in the closing moments to take a surprise lead. First, Mason Greenwood scored from the spot-kick, before the defender unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable twist of events, Goncalo Ramos snatched a vital equaliser in the final moments to force the contest into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, stopping decisive kicks from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all scored successfully for PSG to seal a convincing penalty win.
Now 14-time winners PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now lifted this competition for the 12th time in the last thirteen years.